Poly aluminium chloride is an acidic solution made of the elements aluminium, chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen. Clear to slightly yellow in colour it is also referred to as pac, pax, or polyaluminium hydroxide chloride sulphate solution.Poly aluminium chloride (pac) is most commonly used in the water treatment industry as a coagulant. It is characterised by the degree of basification the higher this number the higher the polymer content which equals a more efficient product in the clarification of water products.Other uses of pac include within the oil and gas industries for oil refining where the product works as an oil-water emulsion destabiliser offering excellent separation performance. In terms of crude oil, any water presence equals a reduced commercial value and higher refining costs, so this product is essential in ensuring optimum efficiency.
Advantages of Poly Aluminium Chloride
High efficiency
One of the primary advantages of poly aluminium chloride is its high efficiency in water treatment. It effectively removes contaminants such as suspended solids, organic matter, and colloidal particles from water, making it suitable for various applications ranging from water treatment to industrial processes.
Wide applicability
Poly aluminium chloride finds applications in diverse industries including water treatment plants, pulp and paper manufacturing, textiles, oil and gas, and more. Its versatility makes it a preferred choice for water treatment processes across different sectors.
Rapid flocculation
Poly aluminium chloride exhibits rapid flocculation properties, leading to quicker sedimentation and clarification of water. This rapid action helps in reducing the processing time and enhances overall efficiency in water treatment operations.
Ph tolerance
Unlike some other coagulants, poly aluminium chloride is effective over a wide ph range, which makes it suitable for treating water with varying ph levels without the need for ph adjustment.
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Poly Aluminium Chloride Flocculant
PAC poly aluminium chloride, poly aluminium for short,commonly known as water purifier, is a kind
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Poly Aluminium Chloride Powder
CHALCO PAC is high efficient poly aluminum chloride used in the drinking water and industrial water
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Both plants, Chalco Shandong and Chalco Zhongzhou, possess the complete chain including mining, refining, processing, R&D, manufacturing and logistics.
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Ordinary Aluminium Hydroxide, High Whiteness Aluminium Hydroxide for filler, Ultra Fine Aluminium Hydroxide, Zeolite, Calcined Alumina, Activated alumina, Pseudo-boehmite, Poly Aluminum Chloride.
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Poly Aluminium Chloride is a highly efficient water treatment chemical where it works as a coagulant to extract and clump together contaminants, colloidal and suspended matter. This results in the formation of floc (flocculation) for removal via filters. The below image showing coagulation in action illustrates this process.
Poly Aluminium Chloride products for use in water treatment are typically characterised by their level of basification (%). Basification is the concentration of hydroxyl groups relative to aluminium ions. The higher the basicity, the lower the aluminium content and therefore the higher performance regarding contaminant removal. This lower rate of aluminium also benefits the process where aluminium residuals are greatly reduced.
What Is the Difference Between Polyaluminium Chloride and Basic Aluminium Chloride
The specific differences are
● Information is different, basic aluminum chloride is black powder, English abbreviation BAC; Polyaluminium chloride is a yellow, yellowish-brown powder or particle.
● The production of raw materials are different, alkali aluminum chloride is processed from aluminum ash; Polyaluminium chloride is made by mixing calcium powder with hydrochloric acid. Since the price of raw materials is different, the selling price will also be different.
● The application field is different, the polymeric aluminum chloride is based on the basic aluminum chloride developed new products, the scope of application is more extensive, the polymeric aluminum chloride in industrial sewage, domestic sewage and drinking water are applied, the basic aluminum chloride is mainly used in industrial sewage.
● In general, poly aluminum chloride acid will be a little higher, alkali aluminum chloride alkaline will be a little higher. The pH of industrial grade of polymeric aluminum chloride is about 5, the basic type of aluminum chloride is about 5.5-6, and the pH of drinking water grade of polymeric aluminum chloride is about
General treatment of acidic sewage will add basic polyaluminium chloride, but this is not environmentally friendly, now sewage treatment is ordinary polyaluminium chloride.
Polyaluminium chloride uses a much wider pH range than conventional aluminium salts. Generally in low temperature water, the turbidity removal efficiency of traditional coagulants is significantly reduced and leads to the deterioration of effluent water quality, while the use of polymeric aluminum, whether low temperature or room temperature water, can obtain better turbidity removal effect. In ADDITION, PCL can significantly improve the solid-liquid separation efficiency, sedimentation filtration and sludge dewatering performance, so as to shorten the residence time of sedimentation tank and increase the water yield. In addition, because of the large and compact size of the flocs generated, it is easy to filter and dehydrate the sludge. The residual aluminum content in water treated with aluminum chloride is very low. In the actual application process, polyaluminum chloride not only has strong effect of condensation and removal of turbidity, but also has obvious effect of decolorization and removal of humus. In order to achieve the best flocculation under the same treatment conditions, the dosage required for polymerized aluminum is reduced by half as much as that of traditional aluminum salt. Under the same dose conditions, the use of polymerized aluminum can obtain a lower residual turbidity than the traditional aluminum salt, so the same treatment results can be obtained at a lower dose.
Basic aluminum chloride has high activity, low dosage, strong adaptability, fast dissolution rate and precipitating rate; Can effectively remove metal and radioactive substances to water pollution. Flocs form quickly and precipitate at a high speed, so the reaction precipitation time can be shortened and the production capacity can be increased several times under the corresponding conditions. Alkali aluminum chloride has a unique efficiency in the treatment of papermaking and printing wastewater. At the same dosage, the alkalinity of the consumed water is less than that of various inorganic coagulants, and the PH value of the treated water decreases less. Therefore, when treating water, especially in the treatment of high concentration of water, you can add or add less alkaline additives and coagulant AIDS. Its decolorization ability is superior to other inorganic water purifiers. The dosage of basic aluminum chloride is generally: The specific dosage is determined by the user's actual test; Basic polyaluminium chloride storage period of two years, should be placed in a dry ventilated place, damp does not affect the use of effect. At present, polyferric sulfate is used instead of polyaluminium chloride or alkali aluminium for wastewater coagulation.
Different grades of Poly Aluminium Chloride
Recommends a normal dosing rate of 0.1ml/m3 of the total flow rate, which it has also described as 0.005ml/m3 as aluminium.
There are now a number of different grades of pac with aluminium concentrations between 9.5% and 18%. The concentration of aluminium is not the only consideration when selecting a grade of pac to use.
Poly aluminium chloride products are characterised by their degree of basification i.E. The concentration of hydroxyl groups (oh) relative to aluminium ions.
Poly aluminium chloride products can be in the range of 5%-65% basicity. As a general rule, the higher the basicity, the higher the polymer content and thus cationic charge density and efficiency. Higher basicity products have a lower aluminium content but are more efficient in clarification of water (i.E. Turbidity/suspended solids removal).
Because there is less aluminium content there is less aluminium in the backwash water. Furthermore, aluminium residuals are minimised. The lower aluminium content products have a higher basicity, so the best advice that can give is to use the same dosing rate for all grades of poly aluminium chloride, that is 0.1ml/m3 of the total flow rate.
Polyaluminium chloride is a process in which dispersed particles in water increase due to interaction and combination into aggregates. Its biggest use is as water treatment flocculant. Due to its outstanding advantages and wide application range, the dosage can be reduced by 1 / 3 ~ 1 / 2 compared with the traditional flocculant, and the cost can be saved by more than 40%. It has become an excellent water purification agent recognized at home and abroad.
Action principle of polyaluminium chloride in sewage treatment: Polyaluminium chloride is a traditional method in water treatment, but it is also a widely used method with low cost and good effect. Coagulation is usually divided into two processes in research; Coagulation and flocculation.
Due to the addition of coagulant polyaluminium chloride, the electric double layer surrounding the colloidal particles is compressed to cause instability, and the process of forming small "micro flocs" through colloidal particle collision and aggregation is condensation; Flocculation refers to the process that micro flocs are further aggregated into large flocs visible to the naked eye through mechanical or hydraulic stirring.
In the actual operation of water treatment, these two stages occur almost synchronously. The purpose of coagulation treatment is to coagulate the pollutants into high-quality vitrification by adding coagulant polyaluminium chloride and using the functions of electrical neutralization, adsorption bridging, net capture and precipitation. These vitrification can be removed through the subsequent degree and filtration process.
The purpose of sedimentation and filtration is only to fully and completely separate the vitrification formed in the coagulation treatment from the treated water; The effect of disinfection treatment is also closely related to coagulation treatment. As the first production process of the traditional process, coagulation restricts the treatment effect of the subsequent process, which is called the key of water treatment.
We all know the professional application of polyaluminium chloride, but what problems should be paid attention to in the use of polyaluminum chloride, especially the harm of excessive use of polyaluminium chloride.
1. According to different conditions of raw water: A small test can be conducted before use to obtain the best dosage. For the convenience of calculation, the small-scale test solution shall be prepared according to the weight volume ratio (w / V), generally 2 ~ 5%. If 3% solution is prepared: Weigh pac3g, put it into the cleaned 200ml measuring cylinder, add about 50ml of clean water, after dissolution, add water to dilute to 100ml scale, and shake well.
2. For production, mix and dissolve according to solid: Clean water = about 1:5, and then add water to dilute to 2 ~ 3% (w / V). The solution below 1% is easy to hydrolyze, which will reduce the use effect, and the concentration is too high, which is easy to cause waste.
3. The dosage shall be added according to the best dosage obtained: Pay attention to observation and adjustment during operation. If there is less alum flower and large residual turbidity in the sedimentation tank, the dosage is too small. If there is large and upturned alum flower and high residual turbidity, the dosage is too large and should be adjusted appropriately.
4.Dosing facilities shall be anti-corrosion.
For Treating Fiberboard Factory Wastewater with Polyaluminum Chloride
Polyaluminum chloride is suitable for the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. It is widely used and has high applicability. The price of polyaluminum chloride is also suitable for mass consumption and the cost is low. At present, many wastewater treatment companies use polyaluminum chloride to purify wastewater.
Fiberboard factory wastewater includes industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. Industrial wastewater is wastewater generated during the production of fiberboards. It mainly comes from production processes such as wood chipping, screening, washing, hot grinding and drying, paving and hot pressing, sawing and sanding. The wastewater mainly contains sugars, resins, and tannins , formaldehyde and other organic matter, as well as large amounts of suspended solids such as sawdust. Domestic sewage is the sewage discharged from the daily life of factory workers.
In the fiberboard factory wastewater, polyaluminium chloride is added in advance to destroy the colloid stability, so that the colloids and fine suspended solids in the wastewater gather into separable flocs, which are then separated and removed. The selection and dosage of polyaluminum chloride need to be determined based on the actual measured values of wastewater quality and analysis experiments.
When using polyaluminum chloride to treat wastewater from fiberboard factories, the wastewater must be concentrated in a regulating sedimentation tank for treatment. The main function of adjusting the sedimentation tank is to adjust the quantity and quality of wastewater from the fiberboard factory and perform sedimentation pretreatment of the wastewater. The quantity and quality of wastewater in the fiberboard production process are not always constant, but change over time. There are peak flows and low peak flows, as well as peak and low peak concentrations. Uneven flow and concentration often bring many difficulties to the normal operation of treatment equipment, making it impossible to maintain operation under good process conditions, or making it unable to work for a short period of time, or even being damaged (such as due to excessive impact). under load conditions).
In order to improve the working conditions of wastewater treatment equipment, in many cases, it is necessary to adjust the water quantity and quality. The purpose of adjustment is to create good working conditions for the processing equipment and keep it in a good and stable operating state.
At the same time, it can also reduce the volume of the equipment, reduce costs, and reduce land occupation. Coagulation sedimentation is a gravity sedimentation method. Under the action of gravity, after polyaluminum chloride treatment, polyacrylamide is used to remove suspended particles from the water. The gravity sedimentation method can remove large particulate matter such as sediment, wood chips, chemical sediments, etc. from the comprehensive wastewater of the fiberboard factory. Depending on the nature of the water and the required degree of treatment, the sedimentation treatment process can be a step in the entire water treatment process. In some situations with low treatment requirements, it can be used as a single treatment method.
The Preparation Methods of Poly Aluminium Chloride
There are numerous ways to prepare polyaluminium chloride, which may be divided in to acid method, subtraction method, neutralization method, pyrolysis method, pressurized reaction method, mixed gel method, electrodialysis method, electrolysis method, etc. in line with the production process. Powder polyaluminum chloride for water treatment is obtained by spray drying or drum drying liquid polyaluminum chloride. Spray drying is an ideal drying method and is ideal for large-scale production. It can be feasible for small-scale production enterprises to use drum drying.
You can find two main types of raw materials for the production of polyaluminum chloride. One is aluminum-containing minerals, including bauxite (gibbsite, boehmite, diaspore), clay, kaolin, alunite, etc..The other category is other aluminum-containing raw materials, including metal aluminum, waste aluminum scraps, gray aluminum, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum trichloride, coal gangue, fly ash, etc. Only with aluminum ingots, aluminum chips, aluminum hydroxide as raw materials and aluminum sulfate, aluminum dichloride as raw materials can produce relatively pure aluminum oxide products.
Metal Aluminum method. The raw materials for the synthesis of polyaluminum chloride by metal aluminum method are mainly leftovers from aluminum processing, such as aluminum scrap, aluminum ash and aluminum slag. Slowly add hydrochloric acid to react with aluminum ash based on a specific proportion under stirring, and obtain liquid polyaluminum chloride through aging polymerization and sedimentation, and then dilute, filter, concentrate, and dry to acquire it. When it comes to technology, it could be divided in to three types: acid method, alkali method and neutralization method. The acid method mainly uses HCl, and the product quality is difficult to regulate; the alkali method suppliers have high process difficulty, large equipment investment and large amount of alkali consumption, pH value control costs raw materials, and high cost; the neutralization method is mostly used. So long as the ratio is well controlled, it could generally meet up with the standards of our country.
Aluminum hydroxide method. Aluminum hydroxide powder has high purity, and this content of toxic substances such as heavy metals such as synthetic polyaluminum chloride is low. Generally, the production procedure for heating, pressurizing and dissolving acid is adopted. The process is relatively simple, however the polyaluminum chloride produced has low alkalinity, so aluminum hydroxide is generally used to heat and pressurize the acid solution, and calcium aluminate powder is included with neutralize it.
Alumina method. The raw materials containing alumina mainly include gibbsite, bauxite, kaolin, coal gangue and so on. The production process may be divided in to two steps: the first step is to acquire crystalline aluminum chloride, and the 2nd step is to acquire polyaluminum chloride through pyrolysis or neutralization.
Aluminum chloride method. Probably the most commonly used method is always to process polyaluminum chloride with aluminum chloride powder as raw material. Boiling and pyrolyzing with crystalline aluminum chloride at 170°C, adding water to solidify and polymerize, and then solidified and dried.
Alkali solution method. The aluminum ash is reacted with sodium hydroxide to acquire a sodium aluminate solution, and then a pH value is adjusted with hydrochloric acid to prepare a polyaluminum chloride solution. The item prepared by the strategy has better color and less insoluble matter, but this content of sodium chloride is high, the consumption of raw materials is high, this content of aluminum oxide in the clear answer is low, and the industrial production cost is high.
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